Preparation and characterization of fully waste-based glass-ceramics from incineration fly ash,waste glass and coal fly ash

Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash (FA) is a typical hazardous waste due to its high contents of toxic heavy metals, and hence its disposal has attracted global concern. In this work, it was recycled into environmental-friendly CaO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ system glass-ceramics via adding coal fly ash (CFA) and waste glass (WG). The effects of CaO/SiO₂ ratios and sintering temperatures on the crystalline phases, morphologies, mechanical and chemical properties, heavy metals leaching and potential ecological risks of glass-ceramics were investigated. The results showed that wollastonite (CaSiO₃), anorthite (CaAl₂Si₂O₈) and gehlenite (Ca₂Al₂SiO₇) were the dominant crystals in the glass-ceramics, which were not affected by CaO/SiO₂ ratio and sintering temperature. The compressive strength increased, while the Vickers hardness and microhardness decreased as increasing the sintering temperatures from 850 to 1050 °C, which reached their maximum values of 660.69 MPa, 6.14 GPa, and 7.43 GPa, respectively. However, the increase of CaO/SiO₂ ratio resulted into the reduction of the three mechanical parameters. As varying CaO/SiO₂ ratio from 0.48 to 0.86, the maximum compressive strength, Vickers hardness and microhardness were 611.80 MPa, 5.43 GPa, and 6.56 GPa, respectively. Besides, all the glass-ceramics exhibited high alkali resistance of >97%. The extremely low heavy metals leaching concentrations and low potential ecological risk of glass-ceramics further revealed its environmentally friendly property and potential application feasibility.     

Degradation mechanism of high alumina refractory bricks by reaction with deposits in a rotary kiln for fluxed iron ore pellets production

The formed deposits wear out of refractory wall linings in the rotary kiln and may cause production disturbances. This study describes the chemical composition and mineralogical phase components at the deposit/refractory interface in the rotary kiln for fluxed iron ore pellets production. The main phases of refractory bricks are corundum and mullite, while the deposits mainly contain hematite and silicates. The main phases in the deposit/refractory brick contact zone are hematite, anorthite (CaAl₂Si₂O₈), mullite, corundum, and silicates. Moreover, the hematite phases in the deposit/brick interface averagely contain 6.98 wt% Al and 1.38 wt% Ti. The silicates in the contact zone contain higher aluminium content and lower iron content than the silicates in the deposits. Finally, the thermodynamic analysis indicates that the main phases in the deposits can react with the refractory to form Al₂Fe₂O₆, CaAl₂Si₂O₈, feldspar, and liquid phases lead to the degradation of bricks in the kiln during the iron ore pellets production.     

飞灰固结体在沥青混合料中应用研究

通过对新型固结剂固化飞灰生成的固结体研磨成微粉全部或部分替代矿粉作为沥青混合料进行试验探究。试验结果表明,当微粉替代矿粉时,混合料的物理性能、水稳定性及高温稳定性得到了提高,确定了微粉替代矿粉最佳替代率。微粉在沥青混合料中重金属的存在状态采用多级提取的方法进行分析,试验结果进一步证明了微粉中重金属在沥青混合料中的长期稳定性。为焚烧垃圾飞灰固化稳定化和资源化利用提供了一定的理论指导。     

Hydrogen production with an auto-thermal MSW steam gasification and direct melting system: A process modeling

Municipal solid waste steam gasification and direct melting system is proposed in this study for H₂ production and ash melting simultaneously. Part of the H₂ generated in gasification is extracted for combustion with pure oxygen in the melting zone to provide the energy necessary for auto-thermal operation. A simulation model is developed with Aspen Plus to investigate the performance and optimum conditions of the system. For the feedstock with a lower heating value of 18.91 MJ/kg used in this study, 39.8% of the generated H₂ needs to be extracted to maintain the heat balance of the system at the gasification temperature of 900 °C, melting temperature of 1400 °C, and S/M of 1. The net H₂ yield is ～77.3 kg/t-MSW with a net cold gas efficiency of 49.1% under the same operating condition. An optimum operation condition for T (850–1000 °C) and S/M (0.6–1.0) is determined considering the balance between H₂ production ability and the auto-thermal energy balance.     

Analysis of suitability of TPP ash-slag waste as materials for hydrogen fuel storage

The current trends in energy were described, the main of which is the use of alternative energy sources, especially hydrogen. The most common methods of hydrogen accumulation were proposed: accumulation of compressed gaseous hydrogen in high-pressure tanks; accumulation of liquid hydrogen in cryogenic tanks; storing hydrogen in a chemically bound state; accumulation of gaseous hydrogen in carriers with a high specific surface area. Based on the combination of advantages and disadvantages, the most promising methods of accumulation were selected: storage of liquid hydrogen and storage of hydrogen in carriers with a high specific surface area. The main requirement for materials for hydrogen storage by these methods was revealed – a high specific surface area. Prospects for the development of waste-free low-emission technologies due to the recycling of secondary raw materials and the development of low-temperature technologies for the synthesis of functional and structural materials were substantiated. The applicability of large-scale ash and slag waste from coal-fired thermal power plants as a raw material for obtaining materials by low-temperature technologies was shown. The traditional ways of using ash and slag waste as a raw material, active additive and filler in the production of cements were described. Modern technologies for the production of innovative materials with a unique set of properties were presented, namely carbon nanotubes, silica aerogel and geopolymer materials. The prospect of using geopolymer matrices as a precursor for the synthesis of a number of materials was described; the most promising type of materials was selected – geopolymer foams, which are mainly used as sorbents for purifying liquids and gases or accumulating target products, as well as heat-insulating materials. The possibility of obtaining products of any shape and size on the basis of geopolymer matrices without high-temperature processing was shown. The special efficiency of the development of the technology of porous granules and powders obtained from a geopolymer precursor using various methods was substantiated. The obtained granules can be used in the following hydrogen storage technologies: direct accumulation of hydrogen in porous granules; creation of insulating layers for liquid hydrogen storage units.     

矿山现代设计方法探讨

论述了矿山现代设计的特点,对我国矿山设计中应用的软件系统进行了分析。论文总结了矿山设计中研究的主要工艺技术、软件设计理论与方法,对矿山现代设计未来发展提出了自己的看法。     

地学多源信息数字化在个旧锡矿的应用

随着矿山勘探和开发工作的不断深入，矿山获得了海量多源地学信息，如地质、地球物理、地球化学和遥感等资料，对这些海量地学信息进行保护并以系统的、全面的观点进行“二次开发”获得找矿有利信息，实现综合信息找矿将是目前地学研究的重点和方向。本次研究通过运用现代计算机技术及相应软件在个旧锡矿对多源地学信息进行了数字化和数学处理，并建立了三维可视化的模型，实现了矿山海量地学信息的保护和“二次开发利用”，为矿山深边部的找矿提供了科学的依据。     

湖北宜昌镁橄榄岩矿床地质特征及其成因探讨

矿床位于宜昌大平溪超基性岩体中段,由弱蛇纹石化或未蚀变的巨晶纯橄榄岩组成。按氧化镁含量及灼失量圈定的镁橄榄岩,为一向西侧伏的扁豆体。岩石为巨晶不等粒、似斑状结构,快状构造,矿物以镁橄榄石为主,粒径一般20～30mm,最大>100mm,多为半自形晶。岩石化学成分:MgO4O.88％～48.41％,CaO<0.95％,Al_2O_3<0.87％,灼失量一般<6.77％。耐火度一般为1630°～1710℃,最高达1770℃,与国内外镁橄榄岩相同。本文以实际资料,证实镁橄榄岩是较均一的超基性岩浆,在温度缓慢下降时,结晶分异生成的折离体,属岩浆分异矿床。     

智利El Teniente铜钼矿地质—地球化学特征 及成因模式

智利El Teniente铜钼矿是环太平洋东部安第斯成矿带南部最具代表性的斑岩型矿床之一。该矿床开采历史悠久,并以优越的成矿环境、独特的矿床地质特征、多期次的岩浆—矿化作用而倍受国内外地质学者的关注。对该矿床区域地质及矿床地质特征、岩浆岩Sr-Nd-Pb同位素、锆石Hf-O同位素特征、流体包裹体地球化学特征及矿床成因模式进行了系统总结分析。结果表明,矿体以脉状—网脉状矿化为特征,主要赋存于安山岩、石英闪长岩和英安斑岩体中;矿区各期次岩浆岩体为同一幔源岩浆不同演化阶段的产物,并混有不同比例的俯冲板片物质;矿区成矿流体为高盐度、高温度及高成矿金属浓度的岩浆流体;该矿床的形成与多期次幔源岩浆岩及深部富含Cu、Mo和S组分的成矿流体密切相关。该矿床地球化学及成因模式的研究有利于区域上成矿模式的建立,同时还对于我国该类型矿床成因方面的理论研究及成矿预测具有重大现实意义。     

内蒙古查干敖包铁锌矿床成矿流体特征及成矿机制

查干敖包铁锌矿床地处二连—东乌旗成矿带东段,为典型的矽卡岩型铁锌矿床。该矿床经历了干矽卡岩阶段(Ⅰ)、湿矽卡岩-磁铁矿阶段(Ⅱ)、石英-硫化物阶段(Ⅲ)、碳酸盐阶段(Ⅳ)等4个成矿阶段。流体包裹体岩相学和显微测温学研究表明:成矿早期,流体为高温(348℃~523℃)、高低盐度(2.89%~60.44%)并存的NaCl-H 2O体系,氢、氧同位素组成指示其来自岩浆热液;在上升过程中,随着温度、压力的减小,成矿流体发生了多期次的沸腾作用,高氧逸度时(成矿Ⅱ阶段)Fe元素大量沉淀成矿,低氧逸度时(成矿Ⅲ阶段)Zn元素大量富集成矿;成矿晚期,大气降水混入残余流体中,成矿流体转变为低温(112℃~234℃)、低盐度(3.21%~7.99%)的NaCl-H 2O体系。